เจาะลึก Salvo

Sources & notes

1. "Battleship (game)," Wikipedia, a strategy-type guessing game for two players, played on ruled grids on which each player's fleet of warships is marked and concealed from the opponent; players alternate calling shots at the other's grid to hit and sink ships, aiming to sink the entire fleet; the game evolved from a pencil-and-paper game dating to around the World War I era; the first commercial version was called Salvo, published by the Starex company in 1931, and in 1967 Milton Bradley published a version using plastic pegboards and miniature ships; and in the "salvo" variant a specified number of squares are targeted at one time, all attacked simultaneously. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battleship_(game).
2. "Probability," Wikipedia, a branch of mathematics concerning numerical descriptions of how likely events are to occur; the probability of an event is a number between 0 and 1, where 0 indicates impossibility and 1 indicates certainty, and the larger the probability the more likely the event (for example, a fair coin flip has probability 0.5 for each outcome). en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability.
3. This game's engine: a Battleship game where each side has a Board with a hidden fleet, the human fires at the enemy fleet and the AI at the human's, one shot per turn (classic rules), fire records a hit or miss, and a side wins when the opponent's ships are all sunk (allSunk); the opponent is a probability-targeting SalvoAI with three difficulty strengths that "hunts" for ships by favouring the cells where an undiscovered ship is most likely to sit and then "targets" the neighbours of a hit to finish it; two twists sit on the classic rules, a sonar ping reveals a 3×3 ship/empty readout but costs that turn's shot, and each side may reposition one of its own ships once per game (a dodge that does not cost the turn); and the engine is pure and seeded-deterministic.
4. Further reading on Probability, Interpretations of Probability (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Winter 2012 Edition). plato.stanford.edu.
5. Further reading on Probability, Probability -- from Wolfram MathWorld. mathworld.wolfram.com.
6. Further reading on Probability, Logical foundations and measurement of subjective probability. doi.org.